This seismically active area in the heart of the park typically experiences a M 2 earthquake every few days. Seismicity in interior Alaska north of the Denali fault is dominated by shallow events (see blue dots on map above). On average, Alaska has had one M 8+ earthquake every 13 years, one M 7-8 earthquake every two years, and six M 6-7 earthquakes per year (Alaska Seismic Hazards Safety Commission, 2012). Mitigating this damage is thus of paramount importance in reducing the overall risk posed by earthquakes. Eastern Denali Fault surface trace map, eastern Alaska and Yukon, Canada. AEIC analysts locate between 20,000 and 30,000 earthquakes in Alaska each year. It began with thrusting on the previously unrecognized Susitna Glacier fault, continued with right-slip … After large earthquakes, the pattern and rate of strain around the fault is often quite different immediately after the earthquake compared to the pre-earthquake time period. The main shock occurred about 80 km (50 miles) east of the Denali Visitor Center. April 9 2004 Rev F Page 1 Oil and Water System Performance – Denali M 7.9 Earthquake of November 3, 2002 By John Eidinger1 and Mark Yashinsky2 1.0 Introduction The November 3, 2002, magnitude 7.9 Denali, Alaska earthquake struck through rural Alaska. The Good Friday Earthquake—a 1964 magnitude 9.2 event located in Prince William Sound—remains the largest earthquake ever recorded in the U.S. and the secondlargest earthquake ever recorded worldwide. Following the Denali Fault earthquake, adjacent fault segments have been stressed, increasing the likelihood of additional earthquakes on those segments. [2004] determined focal mechanisms for earthquakes before and after the Denali fault earthquake, then estimated Measurements Freymueller has made across the Alaska Range before the 2002 earthquake show movement across the Denali Fault of 6-8 millimeters per year (1/4 to 1/3 inch per year). About Cookies, including instructions on how to turn off cookies if you wish to do so. The section of the Denali fault cutting across the park has not experienced a major earthquake within the last ~100 years. Water in pools, ponds, and bayous as far away as Texas and Louisiana splashed for nearly half an hour. Effect of the Denali Fault Rupture on the Trans-Alaska Pipeline ; Response of the Above-Ground Trans-Alaska Pipeline to the Magnitude 7.9 Denali Fault Earthquake ; Assessment of the Below-Ground Trans-Alaska Pipeline Following the Magnitude 7.9 Denali Fault Earthquake The M W (moment magnitude) 7.9 Denali fault earthquake on 3 November 2002 was associated with 340 kilometers of surface rupture and was the largest strike-slip earthquake in North America in almost 150 years. Earthquakes can cause impacts far from their source. Earthquake Hazards Mitigation Here on the Big Island, we feel small earthquakes on a regular basis, and magma movement underground that precedes eruptive activity produces low-level tremor. G. Carver, G. Plafker, M. Metz et al., “Surface rupture on the Denali Fault interpreted from tree damage during the 1912 Delta river Mw 7.2–7.4 earthquake: implications for the 2002 Denali Fault earthquake slip distribution,” Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, vol. Pacific Nankai h Metropolitan 3. Major earthquakes (those with a magnitude range of 7.0-7.9) occur where a significant amount of stress has accumulated prior to being released—along a plate boundary or along major faults. In 2002, the M 7.9 earthquake ruptured a portion of the Denali fault east of the park to produce a horizontal offset of up to 8.8 m (29 feet). Understanding the risk and getting ready for a large earthquake on the Hayward Fault like the one depicted in this scenario can help other at-risk communities prepare for similar events that are possible in their area. On November 3, 2002 a devastating earthquake rattled Alaska. 2 San Andreas ... Denali fault, Alaska Magnitude 7.9 2002 ... 2004 2010 2011. 94, no. The typical example of this kind of earthquake was the Hyogoken Nambu Earthquake in 1995, the Niigataken Chuetsu Earthquake in 2004, and the Noto Hanto Earthquake in 2007. of 1969 and the San Fernando earthquake of 1971, in 1972, Cluff and his team of earthquake geologists developed fault displacement design criteria for the Trans-Alaska Pipeline. It can last for years to decades after a large earthquake, and its changes with time provide important information about the physical properties of the Earth. The earthquake caused an offset of nearly 6 meters (20 feet) where it crossed the Richardson Highway and Trans-Alaska Pipeline. > $7 billion dollars damage Reasons for huge loss….. On average, Alaska has had one M 8+ earthquake every 13 years, one M 7-8 earthquake every two years, and six M 6-7 earthquakes per year (Alaska Seismic Hazards Safety Commission, 2012). However, full ANSS instrumentation on either end of the 2002 rupture is critical if this goal is to be achieved. The basic structure of methods for estimating hazard was developed by engineers needing quantitative answers despite the wide range of uncertainties ( 1 ). Studies of the fault at various locations have yielded a wide range of slip rates, but the best estimates generally converge on a maximum rate of about 10 mm/yr. Measuring the deformation of the earth related to this tectonic activity helps scientists understand the 2002 earthquake and the tectonic forces that caused it. The epicenters (point on the earth surface where the quakes originate) of each of these large earthquakes was about 50 km (30 miles) east of the park, on the Denali fault. The Nenana Mountain and Denali Fault earthquakes generated a vigorous aftershock sequence. According to Ford, “The Denali Fault earthquake was the ‘big one’ for Alaska.” The cracks in the Earth’s surface along parts of the fault were up to 6.7 meters (22 feet) wide, which would have caused considerable damage to a more heavily populated area, such as California. and minor earthquakes on the subduction zone in a cluster pattern. Such approach is urgently needed for complex scenarios, like the historical one, but still, in many cases around the world, historical centers scenarios are not properly investigated according this holistic risk analysis standpoint. It was the main fault along which the 2002 Denali earthquake occurred, which was measured as a magnitude of 7.9 M w. During the afternoon of November 3, 2002, the water in Seattle's Lake Union suddenly began sloshing hard enough to knock houseboats off their moorings. ... slightly larger than the magnitude 9.0 Sumatra-Andaman Islands earthquake that devastated northern Sumatra in December 2004 and generated a tsunami that killed more than 280,000 people. Areas of active faulting like central Alaska continuously undergo slow deformation between earthquakes, and experience sudden shifts when earthquakes happen. Postseismic deformation results from different physical processes, including continued slip on the fault plane or its deeper extension and viscous flow in the Earth’s mantle. The Denali fault earthquake (Mw = 7.9) of November 3, 2002 was the largest strike–slip earthquake (Eberhart-Phillips et al., 2003) that occurred in North America in almost 150 years. Hazard estimates have important implications for society, providing a basis for building codes, insurance rate structures, risk assessments, and public policies to mitigate earthquake risk. The earthquake lasted about 100 seconds. The epicenter was located west of Nenana Mountain on the Denali fault… Called the Denali Fault earthquake, this shock was the strongest ever recorded in the interior of Alaska. This presents a rare opportunity to catch a major earthquake in the act. BACKGROUNDER • ASSESSING AND MANAGING SEISMIC RISK. S58–S71, 2004. The red line represents the fault, which runs east toward Mt. Earthquake hazards Ground Rupture Alaskan pipe after the Denali quake ruptured through Ground rupture from the M8.1 2001 Tibet earthquake Earthquake hazards (cont.) If the automatic location algorithms indicate a large earthquake, the seismologist on duty responds immediately (seismologists are on call 24/7) and issues an information release—in part to help emergency management personnel respond to significant events. With more than 20,000 earthquakes reported annually, Alaska is by far the most seismically active state. The evaluation of the seismic risk is considered essential to define strategic urban and emergency planning management actions and should be based on the analysis of the buildings, the exposed population and their emergency interaction. The chances of experiencing shaking from an earthquake and/or having property damage is dependent on many different factors. Ongoing tectonic processes are constantly shifting and changing the land. The AEIC located over 1,000 aftershocks of the M 6.7 event prior to the M 7.9 mainshock and over 35,000 aftershocks through the end of 2004. In addition, CAST, KTH, and MCK are instrumented with accelerometers to measure ground acceleration. View at: Google Scholar Large earthquakes like this one cause significant displacements of the surface far away from the fault. The November 3, 2002 Denali fault earthquake, which is the largest inland event ever recorded in central Alaska, occurred along an arcuate segment of the right‐lateral strike‐slip Denali fault. For example, there were clusters of earthquakes around a zone that included a major earthquake on Jan 30, 1973, another cluster around an earthquake of March 14, 1979, and two more cluster around earthquakes of July 1957 and January, 1962. BACKGROUNDER • ASSESSING AND MANAGING SEISMIC RISK. Eastern Denali Fault surface trace map, eastern Alaska and Yukon, Canada. These quakes are associated with the northern extension of the subduction edge of the Pacific plate and its dive beneath the North American crust. Earthquake Risk in Alaska. Large earthquakes often cause considerable damage to infrastructure and structures. Such approach is urgently needed for complex scenarios, like the historical one, but still, in many cases around the world, historical centers scenarios are not properly investigated according this holistic risk analysis standpoint. We map the 385-kilometer (km) long surface trace of the right-lateral, strike-slip Denali Fault between the Totschunda-Denali Fault intersection in Alaska, United States and the village of Haines Junction, Yukon, Canada. Although people tend to view the Earth as static and stable between earthquakes, every point is actually moving slowly as Earth’s tectonic plates move around. The 434 mile slip-strike fault gave off a 7.9 magnitude earthquake. Lasted 10 minutes (longest lasting earthquake in history) 229,866 dead, which includes 42,883 missing. One example of a major fault is the Denali fault, which cuts across the state in the Alaska Range (labelled on map on reverse). 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